Building OSs for Flash ROM Calculators
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Posted on 6 September 1998
The following text was written by Matthew
Stits: When one looks at the evaluation of the TI series of calculators, one
sees more and more people trying to push the envelope of what one can do with them. At
first, just a few basic games, then assemblers, all the way up to memory expansion kits.
With this in mind, TI did make it a bit harder to make an assembler on the TI series with
the 92. I remember many people discussing the problems (of which I do not recall the exact
reasons) which gave way to making fargo a very stable shell built on an Operating Sytem
never intended for it. With time and the presence of fargo, TI has seen that someone will
always find a way to get around what ever obstacles presented and has now put an assembler
on their TI-89 and TI-92 Plus models. At first this would seem great for the TI's.
In one single step they have erased the need of so many people who enjoyed their work. Now
after explaining some of the history to this saga, I feel TI has given themselves a bit of
an Achilles heel. With the ever growing cost of the college student's calculator, TI said,
"Hey! Let's put Flash ROM in so they will only have to buy one calculator for a little
more." With this in mind a hole was opened that none had previously thought about. Why
doesn't someone now make a complete OS for the calculator? It could be anything from a
small unix box, to a full fledged GUI OS. Here I'd like to present some examples of it why
it should be done. All the registers are out and I am sure that a 10 MHz chip is more than
enough for a GUI interface or at least a basic lunix shell to start from. I think
that the biggest problem would be in making a joint inter face for both the TI-89 and TI-92
Plus. It would most likely have to be recompiled for each version with different specs for
the first few builds until a set amount of memory is dedicated to output for the LCD screen.
There are at least 3 OS's made from this chip and its children already! Mac OS, Norton "that
pseudo Palm Pilot" and Sega's very basic ROM reading OS for its genesis and probably a few
more. This is by no means to say the that Fargo has no purpose, but what if they made it
into a full fledged OS and not a shell on top of an OS never intended to work in the back
ground? When looking at this from the a different angle, one sees a few possible
problems. Some (actually most) of us don't have a TI-92 Plus, so Fargo is all that many can
use. Fargo is probably a lot better planned than whatever TI had made. Fargo can use
libraries, make TSR's, and many other things that I for one doubt TI put that much work.
There are already many good programs for Fargo "that could be ported at a later date". As
for making your own OS for the calculator, all you could do is turn it into what most (at
least at first) would consider a novelty or GameBoy, not to be taken seriously. Why
reinvent a calculator that TI paid lots of people to make? I believe a person or small
group of people not getting paid would make anything as good or better.
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Re: Article: "Building OSs for Flash ROM Calculators"
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John G
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Perhaps another option to look at would be to create two distinct modes for the calc. Create something like a boot-disk (not physically of course)that will fine tune the calc for gaming, and can be shut down afterwards. Maybe This could be incorporated into a shell. When the shell is run, it could adjust the rom to meet gaming needs. When it is ended, it puts it back. I realize that this would kill off a lot of cats really quickly, though.
Or, do this in the form of plugins, that add functoinality, but do not take any way.
The ultimate goal of this is to not take away from the wonderful built-in functions that TI gave us, and to give games programmers a better medium to work with.
forgive me for any incorrect terminology. My _only_ programming experience is TI BASIC and limited basic ASM.
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19 April 1999, 05:20 GMT
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Carried Far Away
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Nasir Mohammad
(Web Page)
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Ok. Looks like everyone on this message board is getting far too carried away with GUIs and Shells for the TI. Not like that's bad or anything... Let's think about this a bit more.
Since there is only about 500K some memory on this machine, the OS would have to be VERY small. The best idea here would be something in the lines of DOS Prompt (although painful for some people, it would work the best at the 10 MHz, trust me, since it runs pretty well on an XT). Next, we'd need a shell menu system since it would be sorrowful to type commands using the TI89 keypad (it would be pretty good on the 92's, but we need it to be compatible with both systems).
The OS would need to be rather powerful, as to be able to access all the already defined functions of the TI89, plus whatever else it wishes to implement.
In order to be worthwhile, it will need some BIOS commands built into it, so we would be able to access external devices. Say, a portable disk drive like the one made by IBM (the one they claim is the size of a quarter). This would be one of the phattest accessories ever made for the TI. Just think about it... 100MB of storage for programs, games, etc!
Now, why stop at an external disk drive? Let's make it so that it has daisy-chain capabilities. We must now make a TI modem. Since we already have the 100MB disk, we can load TI-Browser on there, and use the modem to connect to an ISP. We don't need anything too graphical in terms of the browser, just something in the line of the old Lynx.
What else? Ah. Networking. Why not? Let's make a 10BaseT device that could be daisy chained along with the disk drive and the modem. Now we can link several calculators together and have a giant monolith brain.
Then again, we're off to Nevernever Land. Let's just be happy with what we have. TI has done an excellent job implementing the menu system on their calcs. However, remember, that dreaming once in a while is very healthy for the human mind.
(I'd like to see the replies to this one.)
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23 April 1999, 05:20 GMT
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Re: Article: "Building OSs for Flash ROM Calculators"
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Gary Coulbourne
(Web Page)
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Microware made an OS for the 6809 CPU that fit in 8k, with multitasking, multiuser capabilities. The shell was another 8k. Basic09 took up 8k more. It ran on a 64k computer. And it was FAST and sleek. At 0.75Mhz :)
There's no reason for an OS to be big if it is reentrant, so long as the majority of the code is shared (and the 68k can handle that no worries) it could be very small.
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26 May 1999, 05:03 GMT
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Linux on M68000!
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Traxx
(Web Page)
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Do you know that there is a Linux/Microcontroller project ? I'm absolutely not part of them but they have already released a Palmpilot I port of Linux. And PalmpilotI is based on Motorola 68000 microcontroller...
Web site adress is linked upper.
And good luck for all of u who are crazy enouth to port that to TI-89/92...
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29 May 1999, 11:49 GMT
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Re: Article: "Building OSs for Flash ROM Calculators"
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A.J.
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Does any one know where I can find a program for my TI-86 so that I can factor polynomials into binomials ?
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28 June 1999, 09:47 GMT
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Re: Article: "Building OSs for Flash ROM Calculators"
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Coredump
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What's this thing with GUIs?
I use the UNIX C shell for almost all of my computing needs, and when I use Solaris and X Windows (the d facto GUI for UNIX/Linux) I spend 80% of my time in a terminal window. My point is: a GUI is not necessary. It looks nice, certainly, and point-and-click and drag-and-drop certainly make things easier to do, but at the cost of all-important CPU time, memory, and storage. An with the limited resources of a TI calc, a GUI is one luxury too expensive to have.
It is true that it would be torture to type with the keyboard, but with a few menus and hotkey combos (much like the TI-OS), a command line prompt would be sufficently fast. Commonly used commands like ls (dir), cd, more, cp, rm, ps, could be placed in a menu. Notice that 5 of the 6 commands are two characters - it wouldn't take much effort to type them either. For those who insist on a GUI, a shell could be written to provide one.
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5 August 1999, 18:23 GMT
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Re: Building OSes for Flash ROM Calculators
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jacob goofl
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Looking for ti-89 program that solve logs most logs step by step
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11 March 2014, 02:35 GMT
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Re: Article: "Building OSs for Flash ROM Calculators"
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Robby Gutmann
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You're wrong. There is not an assembler on any TI calculators. Learn your facts, and get your terminology right next time. There is built in assembly on some TI calcs, but that is it.
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6 September 1998, 02:24 GMT
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Stop it !
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Jeremy Mullins
(Web Page)
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I would like to quote my Circuits 2 professor: "If you have a calculator with the means to do [whatever], then why should you make it hard on yourself. You're right in saying all mathematics is solvable by the human mind, if it wasn't, then we wouldn't have calculators to do it in the first place, but the calculators are made to do these things for a reason, and that reason is to be used to assist in complex and/or time consuming computations. If you are suggesting that we stop using calculators, or only use basic calculators, then there is no need to develop computer or digital technology any further because it would be pointless since, according to you, we shouldn't have to use it.
Just my two cents.
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26 December 1998, 07:37 GMT
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