Ok...given: ld h,5 ld l,4 push hl When push hl is executed: SP decremented l -> (SP) SP decremented h -> (SP) pop is the reverse. Perhaps that isn't in-depth enough...gimme a shout if you need it clarified. > (and James, there are still bugs in ASMguru, are you > ever going to correct them??) Nope...probably not. :) James.