Pi-OS Quantum User Manual
TI-84+ / TI-84+ Silver Edition
Created by STC Productions
Because using a calculator should be easy as pi...
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Setup
- Keys Used
- The Pi Menu and Desktop
- Running Programs
- Personalization
- The PiCli Interface
- The ON and CLEAR Keys
- A Note about Editing
- Adding Things to a Menu
- Planned Improvements
- Credits and Contact
- Technical Information
Introduction
For over a decade and a half, TI-OS has served dutifully as the operating system of Texas Instrument's graphing calculators. However, there are many people who want something more graphical and interesting than endless menus of mathematical formulas. Out of this have come several operating systems, notably imitations of Microsoft Windows and Macintosh.
There tends to be a problem with many of the imitations, it being that they tend to stray away from the original purpose of calculators: calculating. Pi-OS Quantum attempts to act as an operating system while at the same time allowing quick access to calculator functions. To this degree, there are plenty of computer-like programs included with it but also several calculator functions. Some examples include:
- PiType, a string editor which allows you create and view up to six screens (or "pages"), with up to 768 characters in each.
- PiCalc, a calculator program which allows access to arithmetic, trigonometric and logarithmic commands.
- Matrix Master, a program which runs off the home screen. It lets you create and access matrices.
Simply put, Pi-OS is not intended to be a clone or cheap rip-off of any operating system. It incorporates the ideas of them into one OS specially designed to run on a calculator.
Setup
When the user first downloads Pi-OS, There are a lot of programs. One of them is titled SETUP. Run this before anything else, because it creates the needed files and inputs. Afterwards, you may delete it.
Go to your memory management screen and archive everything except APIOS, MEM, PTOOLS, ZBATTCHK and ZRUN. You'll gain about 20-odd thousand bytes by doing this.
Keys Used
Intended to be user friendly and speedy, there are only a few keys that one needs to know to use Pi-OS.
- ENTER selects whatever the mouse is over when on the desktop.
- The arrow keys move the mouse.
- CLEAR serves to act as a quick quit key, as explained later.
- 2ND begins HotKey mode.
- Y= opens and closes the Pi Menu
HotKeys are designated buttons used to quickly access some aspect of Pi-OS. During this mode, the mouse disappears from view. Pressing any key not listed below will exit HotKey mode and return to regular operation. The HotKeys are:
- prgm: Start PiCalc.
- /: Go to the math menu.
- 8: Go to the programs menu.
- 9: Go to the quit menu.
- Ln: Go to the settings menu.
Using HotKeys will reduce the amount of time spent going from one area to the next. The Pi-OS mouse is not the fastest BASIC object one has ever seen or used, so the HotKeys can eliminate undeeded time usage.
The Pi Menu and Desktop
When you login to Pi-OS Quantum, the first thing you see is the desktop. At the upper left corner, the user sees two blocks with the words "Programs" and "Math Menu" in them. These are links to their respective menus. On the lower left corner is the Pi Button, which leads to the Pi Menu. The lower right corner shows the current time.
The Pi Menu has four links: Programs, Settings, Math Menu and Quit Pi-OS. Notice that each one of these have a HotKey associated with them. At the top of the Pi Menu, the first six characters of the username are shown. From the Pi Menu, the user can find menus that lead to the programs that come with Pi-OS and ones added by the user.
Running Programs
There are two ways to run a program. The first is by going to the proper menu and selecting it. The other way is by going to the PiCli interface (explained later) and using the RUN command. When prompted for the program's name, enter it and it should run.
Currently, only one program at a time can be run. This is due to the limitations of BASIC (originally intended only for math and graphing programs), which doesn't function at the lowest level. The other reason it the relative slowness of the calculator's processor - 6 to 8 MHz, depending on the model. In the future this may be different, but for now this is how the operating system works.
Personalization
When first run, all copies of Pi-OS Quantum are in the same form. Since one does not fit all, there are several options that can be changed in order to make it easier and user-oriented.
- Background: Background On/Off (warning: be sure to have an image in Pic0 or else you will get an error.)
- Mouse Options: Sensitivity (how many pixels the mouse moves at a time) and Screen Wrap (the mouse would reach the edge of the screen and jump to the opposite side.)
- Screen Saver: Type (Dots, Scrolling Text or Traveling X's) and time until screen saver goes into effect.
- Power Options: Time until Screen Wipe (display goes blank until key press), auto-shutdown (quits after a period of unuse) and CLEAR key function (Shutdown, Standby or Store).
Thus it is possible for one copy to vary widely with another. Something many operating systems lack :)
The PiCli Interface
PiCli (pronounced pie-clie or pik-lee) is an acronym for Pi Command Line Interface. As the name implies, it is a text-only interface in which the user inputs special commands to do things. This is largely to check calculator status, manage programs and run programs. The commands themselves are not difficult to learn and usually provide a faster way to do things. The current commands are:
- ABOUT - presents information about the version of Pi-OS being used.
- ARC - archives a program.*
- BATTERY - checks the battery status.
- BG - toggles background on and off and displays the background's status.
- DATE - Shows the date.
- DEL - delete a program.*
- EXIT - quits PiCli.
- HELP - shows a summary for each command.
- LOCK - locks a program so it can't be edited.*
- QUIT - exits PiCli and Pi-OS (a confirmation is requested).*
- RAM - checks the amount of free RAM and shows the percent free.
- RUN - runs a program.*
- TIME - displays the current time.
- UNARC - unarchives a program.*
- UNLOCK - unlocks a program.*
Commands with an asterisk next to them indicate they are more than one line in length. The command is entered, the ENTER is hit. The necessary information is then requested. Each command can be followed by a question mark (i.e. ARC ?), which shows a more detailed explanation of how a command is used.
The ON and CLEAR Keys
This is a short statement about using these two keys. It seems as though many people prefer to quit a program by pressing the ON button. This stops any function currently in progress and ends the program being run. With unlocked BASIC programs, it also allows the user to access the code itself. It is strongly suggested that the user not quit Pi-OS Quantum with the ON key! This will leave unnecessary variables intact and the desktop will remain on the graph screen. Each program has some way to quickly end Pi-OS, usually the CLEAR key or some command (like QUIT).
The CLEAR key is intended to be a "hurry up and quit" button. With a single press, the desired function (usually Shutdown or Store) is accomplished in about a second. There is less potential of problems afterwards because the variables were properly dealt with and the graph screen returned to the default form. Always try to use CLEAR or its command-line counterpart if you need a quick quit.
A Note about Editing
A large part of this program is left unlocked. This is mainly because Pi-OS is intended to be an open-ended operating system, meaning that the user can modify the code to suit his or her needs or add and improve things about it. Some of the things, like editing menus, require that the program be unlocked.
Disclaimer: What, your calculator imploded? It's not my fault. Sorry, but Pi-OS Quantum is given out on an as-is basis - what you get is what you got. Unless you get it from TI-Calc.org or my calculator website, it may not be the real deal. At the time this is released, there are no known bugs. Anything bad that may happen is not intentionally set up that way.
If you do want to edit the code but don't know what it is you're doing, I suggest you either learn TI-BASIC or e-mail me at the address provided below. I check my e-mail several times a week, so an answer will be swift and specific. Just tell me what you want to do and where, and an idea will be devised.
When editing any kind of code, always have a backup copy just in case something goes wrong. Even though most of the operating system is archived, RAM clears do occur, taking out vital data. Be careful.
Adding Things to a Menu
Here are the steps to adding an item to a menu. The situation: I have a game named "Obstacle" that I want to add to my Games menu. This is the menu beforehand.
2:
3:
4:Back
5:Add Something
|
I would hit the ON key and then 2: Goto. This is what the code would look like:
PROGRAM:ZPRGM
,J
:Lbl B
:Menu(" Game
s ","",B,""
,B,"",B,"Back",A
,"Add Something"
,J
|
You see there are three empty pairs of quotation signs. This is where the program's name (i.e. Obstacle) will go. Then after the quotes are a comma and a letter (in this case, B). Here I would put up to two numbers, two letters, θ or a combination. The only regulation in selecting these is that it can't be letters A - Q, because those are already used.
The letters or numbers you choose become the label, which tells the calculator which section of the code to jump to. Let's make my label TN. When put in the first slot, this is what I would get:
PROGRAM:ZPRGM
,J
:Lbl B
:Menu(" Game
s ","Obstac
le",TN,"",B,"",B
,"Back",A,"Add S
omething",J
|
When inserting text, use the key sequence of 2ND [INS] so that you don't overwrite any text. Then afterwards remove any excess letters.
Now to make the label and link to the program. At the end of the program is an entire screen of empty command lines:
PROGRAM:ZPRGM
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
|
Press the PRGM key and 9. Onto the command line the cursor is over, the letters Lbl will appear. This starts the label. Now put in the symbols used (i.e. TN). Press ENTER.
Now it's time to put in the program's name. You can either choose it from the program list (PRGM Left arrow) or type it in. If you do type it in, first use the key sequence PRGM ALPHA D to paste the prgm token into the code.
If the program is from the Games menu, follow it with the command Goto B on the next line: ENTER PRGM B. If it is from the Programs menu, substitute the letter with H.
Some programs are made in assembly language. For this, you need to start the command line with Asm(, available from the catalog. This would go before the prgm token.
This should be the finished result:
PROGRAM:ZPRGM
:Lbl TN
:prgmOBSTACLE
:Goto B
:
:
:
:
|
Now 2ND [QUIT]. When you access it from the menu, it should work. Any error is likely to be that you used a label that you weren't supposed to (A - Q) or that you are missing something. Go through it again to make sure it was done properly.
Planned Improvements
Pi-OS Quantum is far from perfect, and there are many more things that can be added and improved. The two biggest concerns for Pi-OS, and programs in general, is efficient speed and memory usage. Pi-OS uses programs which allow for the running of archived programs and temporarily unarchived data. Some other ideas:
- A window system, instead of everything being on the home screen.
- Multiple desktops like many graphical Linux operating systems.
- The ability to make custom desktop icons or custom menus for fast access to favored programs.
- Multiple user accounts.
- Running more than one program at a time.
- PiTalk, a chat program with many more features than just passing strings over a wire.
- Small games that come with the program (simple ones like blackjack, roulette or a minor RPG).
- A calendar, possibly one that can hold reminders for events.
- An encoding system where strings can be represented by numbers.
- Calculator Connect, or CalcNet, an Internet-like program which allows connected calculators to transfer data and view "Webpages" under a "domain name". If this idea is implemented, there may become server editions of Pi-OS which specializes in sending out data and managing multiple calculators.
- Desktop icons, the ability to add icons and multiple themes.
Perhaps someday these changes will be implemented and at some point it will become radically different from its current form (build 1.05). In that case, it may be renamed to signify its new form. Such a name has already been decided: Pi-OS Zion. Zion may or may not come into existence, it all depends on the increasing experience of the user and the formation of new ideas and techniques.
Credits and Contact
There are many people who have helped form Pi-OS Quantum, though most of them don't know it. Thanks go out to:
- Dana W., for getting me interested in programming TI calculators.
- Edward M., for testing an early version of the program.
- Michael Vincent, creator of Basic Tools.
- David Lindström (Cirrus Programming), creator of Program Tools.
- Detached Solutions for making MirageOS.
- All those OS programmers who left their programs unlocked and (mostly) free of errors. Your programs were used as invaluable templates for this one.
- You, the prospective user.
Contact me anytime at youssarian_of_enterprise@hotmail.com, as I'm interested in hearing what you have to say. As stated earlier, replies will be swift.
Technical Information
Total size: 16,703 bytes (including SETUP [439 bytes] but excluding any varibles or strings used. Only Str8 and Str9 are saved by default, while unneccesary things are deleted on shutdown.
Platform: TI-84+ and TI-84+ SE.
Other programs by me: Obstacle
Pi-OS Quantum is © STC Productions.
Do not fold, spindle or mutilate.